6^th International Conference on Environmental Chemistry and Engineering July 24-25, 2017 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Dr. Haider A. Khwaja has twenty-seven years of solid research experience on environmental projects. He is the Director of the Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry at the Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH. Dr. Khwaja is a faculty member at the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, where he teaches and mentors graduate and undergraduate students. He has been carrying out various environmental projects in USA and in developing countries. Active research programs include:

• Effects of particulate matter on daily morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in urban areas

• Chemical characteristics of fine particles responsible for the observed health effects

• Exposure and health impacts related to outdoor and indoor air pollution including studies of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), diesel vehicle emission, air toxins, and indoor allergens
 Water and human health issues such as drinking water quality and human health risks associated with water contaminants.

Abstract:

The associations of exposure to air pollution and adverse human health effects have been demonstrated in many epidemiologic studies. Hajj, an annual pilgrimage of Islam, draws millions of pilgrims from more than 200 countries for religious rituals in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The city is surrounded by mountains with a population of 1.7 million, which gets doubles or even more during Hajj. The city centers on the Grand Mosque (Masjid Al-haram), connected with the network of tunnels. Main Hajj pilgrimage route for five days extends 20 km to the east and includes “Mina”, “Arafat”, and “Muzdalifah”. A detailed study was conducted in Mecca, its tunnels, and surrounding holy places during Hajj (October 13-17, 2013). Spatial and temporal variations in total suspended particulate (TSP), PM₁₀ , PM₇ , PM_2.5 , PM₁ , ozone (O₃), and black carbon (BC) levels along the route were recorded using portable monitors and GPS to assess the status of air quality. This is the first study to elucidate the exposure to air pollutants among pilgrims. Extremely high levels of all pollutants were observed during the intensive measuring periods. For example, the PM₇, PM_2.5, O₃, and BC concentrations of up to 9,433 µg/m³, 484 µg/m³, 444 ppb, and 468 µg/m³, respectively, were observed. Results of this investigation revealed that most routes had on average exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. The reasons for the high air pollutants concentrations are most probably high volume of traffic, construction work, re-suspension of particles, and geographical conditions (arid regions). The pilgrim’s longer trip duration lead to their highest whole trip exposure to air pollutants, which indicate that they are possibly subject to higher health risk. Better understanding of air pollution exposure and their determinants in the environments will contribute to the development of more appropriate exposure reductive strategies and have significant public health meanings.

Biography:

Angelo Nacci completed his PhD in Chemical Sciences in 1994 at Bari University (Italy). He was a Researcher in Organic Chemistry at the Chemistry department of Bari University. In 2001, he was a Visiting Researcher at TUM University of Munich (Germany) and in 2005 he became an Associate Professor of Organic Chemistry. He is currently the President of Chemistry Courses Degree at Bari University. His research interests are focused on: organometallic chemistry in ionic liquids; green nanocatalysis; CO₂ capture and valorization and synthesis and recycling of bioplastics. He is the co-author of almost 70 publications in major journals and 1 patent.

Abstract:

Transition-metal nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting a great deal of attention in almost any scientific and technological field, including catalysis, where nanoscale materials are becoming more prevalent in a wide range of applications such as fuel conversion, pollution abatement and fine chemical production. Nowadays, many researchers are exploiting the high activity and selectivity of nanocatalysts to develop greener and waste-minimized processes. During the last decade, we exploited nanostructured catalysts based on several metals like Pd, Cu, Au, Zn and Ti to perform a wide range of organometallic reactions (Heck, Suzuki, Ullmann, Stille, carbonylations, cyclopropanations, C-H activations, hydrodehalogenations and CO₂ photoreduction) under environmentally friendly conditions given by the absence of phosphane ligands and using neoteric solvents (ionic liquids, water, emulsion mixtures and so on) as green reaction media. This lecture deals with our recent advances in controlling the catalyst performances by choosing properly the nature of both the ionic liquid and the nanocatalyst.

Biography:

Dominik Rohrmus works at Siemens Corporate Technology in Munich, Germany in different functions in the area of manufacturing development and production equipment realization since 2005. In 2009, he founded the company program, Sustainable Production Engineering and rolled several demonstrator projects company-wide out. In particular energy efficient production planning and technology on the shop-floor set the focus of that program. Also cycle economy and cycle business development in cooperation with Siemens business units and external partners is part of the program and yield already several pilot projects. Since 2013, he is the Head of the research group, Manufacturing Systems Engineering at Siemens Corporate Technology. The research group is responsible for shop-floor equipment standardization and development of the future for the Siemens factories worldwide.

Abstract:

Biography:

Dr Dell’Anna completed her PhD in “Chemistry of materials for special uses” at University of Reggio Calabria (Italy), giving a dissertation on “Synthesis and characterization of new transition metal complexes. Aerobic oxidation of organic substrates and C-C bond forming reactions”.
During her PhD studies, M.M. Dell'Anna joined for one year the research group of Prof. M. Cowie in the Chemistry Department of University of Alberta (Canada), where she worked on the synthesis and characterization of bimetallic complexes.
Since 2000 she has been Assistant Professor in Chemistry at Polytechnic of Bari.
Since 2012 she has been the Editor of the journal “Recyclable Catalysis”, merged with the journal “Catalysis for Sustainable Energy”.

Research interests are focused on: i) polymer supported metal catalysts; ii) green nanocatalysis; iii) platinum complexes and iv) risk assessment. She is co-author of almost 45 publications on major journals and more than 20 Communications to Congress.

Abstract:

An insoluble palladium catalyst (Pd-pol) was obtained by copolymerization of the metal containing monomer Pd(AAEMA)2 [AAEMA− = deprotonated form of 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate] with ethyl methacrylate (co-monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker), followed by in situ reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0), to give polymer stabilized metal nanoparticles. The good swellability in water exhibited by Pd-pol rendered it an ideal potential catalyst for reactions carried out in a green solvent, such as water, since the migration of the reagents to the active sites would not be hampered by the solid support. With the aim to develop innovative catalytic processes that enable chemical transformations to be performed under mild and sustainable conditions with high efficiency, we decided to evaluate the catalytic activity of Pd-pol for several important organic reactions using water as solvent. Pd-pol resulted highly active and selective in catalyzing (figure 1): the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between aryl bromides or activated aryl chlorides and phenylboronic acid; the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to aldehydes; the reduction of quinolines and nitroarenes by H2 or NaBH4. Pd-pol was recyclable for several consecutive runs (for example, at least 12 times in the nitroarene reduction). TEM analyses carried out on the catalyst showed that the active species were supported palladium nanoparticles having a mean size of 4 nm, which did not aggregate with the recycles. Recently, due to their low cost, Ni catalysts have been employed in several organic reactions (mainly hydrogenations). In this context, we synthetized a Ni catalyst similar to Pd-pol, starting from Ni(AAEMA)2 and we employed it as active and recyclable, insoluble catalyst for the reduction of different nitroarenes to give the corresponding anilines, under sustainable conditions. All these results proved that the proposed Pd or Ni based composite materials are excellent hybrid structures as efficient and reusable catalysts.

Biography:

Sijun Dong has completed his PhD at 2004 in Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan. He is the professor of Environmental science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals. His research interest is about Environmental Molecular Toxicology and Chinese Medicines and Environmental Health. 

Abstract:

Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to the increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. However, the related underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Given that microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely recognized as the key regulators of lipid metabolism and the potential mediators of environmental effects, this study aimed to examine whether exposure to BPA triggered hepatic lipid accumulation and to further determine if adverse effects of BPA may be modulated in part through miRNAs. Male post-weaning C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 50 μg/kg/day BPA or corn oil for 90 days by oral gavage. We found that insulin resistance, and impaired hepatic lipid accumulation and increased serum triglycerides (TG) existed concomitantly in the BPA exposed mice. In addition, BPA exposure caused significant reduction in miR-192 expression in both mice liver tissues and human HepG2 cells, which were accompanied by significant up-regulation of SREBF1 (a key transcription factors that is capable of activate lipid synthesis) and subsequent expression of lipogenic genes. Bioinformatic and in vitro studies suggested that miR-192 acted to the 3’UTR of SREBF1 directly, resulting in profound dysregulation in hepatic lipid homeostasis. Inhibition of miR-192 led to higher TG levels and increased hepatic lipid accumulation by enhancing SREBF1 processing. In contrast, the opposite results were observed with overexpression of miR-192, which downregulated SREBF1 expression. Most importantly, we also showed that in vivo and in vitro overexpression of miR-192 effectively prevented BPA induced hepatic lipid accumulation, which was independently of insulin resistance. In conclusion, this study showed a novel mechanism that exposure to BPA may up-regulate SREBF1 through inhibition of miR-192 in the liver, thereby contributing to NAFLD.

Biography:

Abstract:

In response to the energy crisis, rising fossil fuel costs and global climate warming, this study focuses on the electrocatalytic reduction of proton into hydrogen using an iron sulfur cluster in the presence of pentafluorothiophenol. The direct reduction of pentafluorothiophenol at vitreous carbon electrode occurs at E_p -1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl in [Bu₄N][BF₄]-DMF solution. Interestingly, in the presence of [Fe₄S₄(SPh)₄][Bu₄N]₂, the reduction potential shifts significantly to -0.98 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Based on gas chromatography analysis, the formation of H₂ has been confirmed with a current efficiency of catalyst. 63% after two hours, while the chemical yield at the carbon electrode was about 46%. On the other hand, no H₂ gas was detected without catalyst. Importantly, the increment of the concentration of acid (up to 18 equivalents) led to a positive shifting in the reduction potential until a value of 0.18 V. These results reflect the exquisite electrocatalytic efficiency of the protein-like iron sulfur cluster in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).

Biography:

Gokberk Kara has completed his undergraduation in the Environmental Engineering department of Sakarya University in 2007. He is a Master’s degree student in Environmental Engineering department of Marmara University and is also working at the RSK Environmental Consultancy Service in Istanbul, Turkey.

Abstract:

In Istanbul, where dense industrialization and dense population are located, people can use Marmara Sea for recreational reasons. The beaches in which they interacted with the sea were selected primarily for the determination of heavy metal pollution. This study proposed to investigate the quality of seawater to protect health of people which do recreational activities such as swimming. Cr, and Zn concentrations and pH, temperature in seawater samples taken weekly from Kucuksu, Fenerbahce and Suadiye beaches in Asian side of Istanbul were investigated between 9 February 2009 and 4 May 2009. Measured temperature values varied from 7.1 to 27.6⁰C and measured pH values varied from 8.15 to 8.47. The Cr and Zn concentrations analyzed by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) were under the limit values by the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation published by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. These findings indicate that there is no significant threat to aquatic life and human health from these heavy metals in sea water in Marmara Sea.

Acknowledgments

The directorate of Scientific Research Projects (BAP) of Marmara University, grant number FEN-D-120813-0355 supported this project.

Biography:

Jayalal L P R Wijesinghe graduated from University of Colombo, Sri Lanka with a BSc (Hons) degree. After graduation he has joined the Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo as a Demonstrator then as a Researcher. He has obtained PG Diploma in the field of Toxicology and MSc degree in the field of Analytical Chemistry from the same university. He has started his water sector career as a Regional Chemist attached to the National Water Supply & Drainage Board in North Central Province of Sri Lanka. After successful completion of eight years of regional works, he was promoted to the Senior Chemist position in NWSDB. Presently he is working as a Chief Chemist in NWS&DB in Sri Lanka. He has gained 22 years of experience in the field of Water Quality Monitoring with the operation of high end analytical instruments – AAS with GTA, GC/MS, etc. He has published twelve research papers in local and international journals. He has undergone many training programs locally as well as internationally – Lake Water Quality Management course in Japan, LC/MS training course at Waters in India, Analytical Skills Development Course in Helsinky University in Finland, etc. He is a Fellow Member of the Institute of Chemistry, Ceylon and also a Chartered Chemist.

Abstract:

Kalatuwawa water treatment plant consists of aeration, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. Existing aeration is not enough to oxidize the inorganic and organic impurities in Kalatuwawa raw water, therefore prechlorine is used as oxidizing agent in Kalatuwawa. Analytical results revealed that during the years 2000–2012, the Kalatuwawa raw water contained high concentration of ammonia (0.578±0.469 mg/dm³), and highest concentration of ammonia 1.92 mg/dm³ was reported at the bottom of the reservoir, high concentration of iron (0.751±0.643mg/dm³), and the highest concentration of iron 12 mg/dm³ was reported at the bottom of the reservoir. The color levels were 11.571±7.271 Hz and the highest level of color, 90 Hz was reported at the bottom of the reservoir. Pre chlorination where chlorine is utilized not only oxidize the iron, manganese, ammonia and organic compounds but also reacts with naturally occurring organic matter present in water to produce a group of organic compounds as a byproduct arising from chlorination which was classified as trihalomethane (THM). THMs are often used as indicator compounds for other DBPs. The four main THM compounds found in abundance are chloroform (CHCl₃), bromodichloromethane (CHCl₂Br), dibromochloromethane (CHClBr₂) and bromoform (CHBr₃). Many factors which will affect the THM formation are concentration and type of precursors, type of disinfectant and concentration and the dosing point, temperature, pH, contact time and the length of the distribution network. This study is basically investigating THM formation without prechlorination where potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is used as pretreatment to remove the organic and inorganic impurities. Laboratory analysis was carried out using Jar test apparatus with potassium permanganate to remove the impurities. Analytical results revealed that 90% of iron was removed with 0.3-0.6 mgdm^-3 dosage of potassium permanganate and the same time manganese level is within SLS 614: 2013. THM levels were monitored using GC–ECD couple to purge and trap system where the THM levels were reduced significantly (67%).

Biography:

Linping Zhang has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from The Chinese University of Hong Kong. She is an associate professor of Donghua University in China. She has published more than 45 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

        Bismuth oxychloride (BiOI) has a good visible light responsive property due to their relatively narrow band gap, and its photocatalytic performance is further improved by doping Ytterbium ions (Yb³⁺) which could be attributed to stronger optical absorption in UV-visible light region, effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the capacity of Yb³⁺ ions to up-convert Near-IR light into visible-light and UV light. In this study, a facile solvothermal method was adopted to synthesize different Yb³⁺ ions doped BiOI photocatalysts. The doped photocatalysts with molar ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% Yb³⁺ ions were prepared and 2% Yb³⁺ ions doped BiOI exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency, which was 2 times higher than that of pure BiOI. As-prepared photocatalysts were further studied through SEM, XRD, UV–vis DRS and free radical capture experiments, etc. which indicated that the doping ions entered into Lattice of BiOI photocatalysts and improved the photocatalytic performance. This work provided some potential application of Yb³⁺ doped BiOI for the degradation of organic contaminants in water.

Biography:

Adebayo Oluwafemi Lawrence has completed his Master’s degree in Chemistry from Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria in the year 2014. He is currently pursuing his PhD in Chemistry at the Federal University of Technology, Nigeria. He is currently working as a Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry, College of Education Ikere, Nigeria. He has published 10 papers in reputed journals.         

Abstract:

Weight loss test method was used to study the inhibition and adsorption properties of Kola nitida leaves extract addition on corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel in 2 M HCl solution for various concentration, exposure time and working temperature. The results showed that ethanolic extract of Kola nitida leaves is a potential inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in acidic medium. The corrosion rate of mild steel in 2 M HCl decreases with increasing in the concentration of the extract. The inhibition efficiency increases progressively as the concentration of the extract increases but decreases with rise in temperature and exposure time. The highest inhibition efficiency observed in the presence of the extract was 88.51%. The kinetics of the reaction in the presence of the extracts revealed that it follows a first order reaction and the half-life increases as the concentration of the extract increases. Adsorption studies revealed that Langmuir adsorption isotherm is the best adsorption model applicable to the adsorption of the extract on mild steel surface.

Biography:

Ubwa S T has his expertise in Food and Environmental Organic Chemistry. He has pioneered the analysis of common environmental food contaminants at the Benue State University Makurdi. He was one of the team members that attracted the World Bank grant to the University’s center of excellence in food technology and research. His work focuses in these areas: the analysis for total aflatoxins, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked and stored foods in Benue Sate-Nigeria.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Owing to the methods applied in the preparation of local steak (Suya) in Nigeria, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are likely to be formed in it; as their formation result from the incomplete combustion. Taking the quality and safety of Suya for human consumption into consideration, it becomes imperative to determine polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Suya samples.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This study determined the presence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Suya samples collected from 20 different locations in South and North Banks of Makurdi, Benue State. With the use of ultrasonic agitation, the samples were extracted, and were further fractionated and subjected to GC-FID instrumentation afterward.

Findings & Conclusion: The results obtained from the analysis shows that individual PAHs were present in very low concentrations but the concentration of combined PAHs was generally high in each of the 20 samples. The levels of total PAHs (0.017 to 0.069 mg/kg) found in all the samples were higher than the recommended maximum residual limits (MRLs) for benzo[a]pyrene of 5 μg/kg (0.005 mg/kg) set by the commission of European Communities (EC) for smoked meat and smoked meat products. All the samples had relatively higher levels of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs than low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. The high content of total PAHs (especially HMW PAHs) through bioaccumulation may be detrimental to human health and thus alternative methods of Suya preparation are recommended. 

Biography:

Miada A. Ali has completed her bachelor at the age of 26 years from UAE University. Since 2014, she joined United Arab Emirates University as a research assistant. Currently, she is a post graduate student in Chemical Engineering Department at the United Arab Emirates University.
 

Abstract:

The excessive use of desalination, which is due to the increase in fresh water demand, results in large productions of reject brine. Therefore, the development of an efficient treatment process of the reject brine becomes vital. The Solvay process is one of the main treatment technologies, wherein NH₃ is introduced to converting soluble Na⁺ into insoluble NaHCO₃. Although the concentration of Na⁺ ions are reduced in this process, Cl^- ions are not affected. In addition, the concentration of   ions increase. Electrocoagulation has been tested for the remove Cl^- and  ions and to regenerate the NH₃. When no current was applied, a very small removal of the ions was recorded. Applying a current density of 0.1167 A/cm² caused an increase in the removal of and Cl^-, by 45.9% and 25.87%, respectively at 20°C, 71.55% and 26.88%, respectively at 30°C. This clearly proves that the main removal was due to the electrocoagulation. The effects of current density, initial concentration, and temperature have been studied on the ions removal. It was found that increasing the current density and/or the temperature was found to decrease the residual ions concentration.  Whereas, increasing the initial ions concentration resulted in decreasing the percentage removal. 

Biography:

Annalisa Pola graduated in Environmental Science (University of Insubria – Como – Italy) and is an Environmental Application Manager at Directa Plus S.p.A. Directa Plus is one of the largest producers and suppliers of graphene-based products for use in consumer and industrial markets worldwide. 

Abstract:

Oil spill events required efficient and rapid response by authorities and operating staff. The emergency management is not simple and usually is affected by a large consumption of materials and high operative costs. The optimization of the adsorbents is a starting point to reduce these costs. In this study, a graphene-based material (called Grafysorber, produced by Directa Plus S.p.A) was used inside adsorbent devices (barriers and pillows) to treat waters containing an oily separated phase. Grafysorber is a super-expanded graphite with a production apparent density of about 2.5 g/L. Three different kind of oils were tested: kerosene, diesel fuel and crude oil, to understand if there is a relationship between viscosity and sorption capacity. In addition, reusability of each device was evaluated. Little pillows of about 10*10 cm were used for adsorption tests. Results showed that the greater is the viscosity, the greater is the amount of oil sorbed; 50.8 g/g for kerosene, 76.5 g/g for diesel fuel, 81.78 g/g for crude oil. Grafysorber pillows can be reused, after simple squeezing, for about 4-5 times. A progressive decrease of adsorption capacity was detected. Polypropylene, the standard adsorbent material used worldwide in case of water oil spill clean-up activities, showed a sorption capacity at least six times lower than Grafysorber®. The effect of the waves was considered, using diesel fuel, in a 1*5 meters tank, and small adsorbent barriers (7.5 cm diameter and 50 cm length). Water motion caused an increase in the saturation’s speed but also an increase of retained water both for Grafysorber and for Polypropylene barriers. A dropping phase of 5 min is necessary for Grafysorber and polypropylene devices to favor the water expulsion from the adsorbent device. Anyway, it has been demonstrated that Grafysorber retains on average the 50% less of water than polypropylene.

Biography:

Francesca Buiarelli completed her Ph.D. in Chemical Science in 1992 and, after several working experiences, became a researcher in the field of Analytical Chemistry at Chemistry Department of Rome University “ La Sapienza” in 1999. She has been teaching Separative Chemistry since 2002 and she has published more than 45 papers in reputed journals. Her research activity involves three main topics:

1) Characterization of polluting agents in airborne particulate matter, water and soil.

2) Excretion study and metabolism of doping agents in sports and veterinary field.

3) Separation and characterization of natural organic compounds in complex matrix such as food. 

Abstract:

Bioaerosol is commonly defined as aerosolized particles, with a biological origin, spread into the air by a variety of abiotic and biotic mechanisms. The size of bioaerosol can range from several nanometers to a few hundred micrometres in aerodynamic diameter. Examples of bioaerosols include fungal and bacterial spores/cells, fungal hyphae, pollen, viruses and amoebae, algae, lichen, archaea, aggregates of these particles, and fragments of larger organisms including leaf litter, skin scales, animal and plant debris. Metabolites and excreta are also included in this topic. In these last years the knowledge about indoor and occupational bioaerosol exposure and related diseases has significantly increased. Biological particles have been linked to mucous membrane irritation, allergy, asthma, inflammatory lung diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and so on . The use of biomarkers as a tool for the determination of bioaerosol has often been suggested. The basis of this approach is that bioaerosol components contain chemical compounds that can be used as markers of larger and/or bioactive structures. The main objective of our research is the identification and quantitation of dipicolinic and muramic acids, ergosterol, poliols, amino acids and proteins as markers of bacterial, fungal spores/cells and generic bioaerosol, in both indoor and outdoor airborne particulate matter. To achieve this purpose, methods of extraction and analysis by chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry of different classes of compounds from particulate matter of different size (ultrafine, fine and coarse), collected in proper sampling campaigns, have been developed.

Biography:

Batoul Benkaddour is a PhD student in her third year. She prepared her thesis title: “Contribution to the contamination of waters and sediment of Chelif river (Algeria)” between the University of Mostaganem in Algeria and the University of Perpignan in France. She realized this research to evaluate the water quality of the Chelif river, the greatest watercourse in Algeria. The present work is included in the framework of the improvement of the Chelif’s water quality, which is used for drinking water supply and irrigation. The obtained results allowed alerting the responsibility to implement water treatment systems before discharging wastewaters in watercourse.

Abstract:

This study concerned the water quality of Chelif River, located in the north-west of Algeria which is the most important permanent river of the country. These waters are used for irrigation and drinking water supply. Unfortunately, several towns discharged their wastewater directly into the Chelif River without any treatment which presented a risk for environment and human health. The sampling strategy was based on water samples collected along the watercourse in the Mostaganem area close to the river mouth. One sample was collected on upstream of domestic wastewater discharge point, one sample was collected on downstream of the same domestic wastewater discharge point and one sample was collected close to the river mouth. One sample was also collected directly in the domestic wastewater discharge. Sampling was realized seasonally (February, April, August, and December 2015). All samples were stored in the dark at 4°C before analysis. The physicochemical parameters measured were: pH, conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD₅), chloride, nitrates, nitrites, and the total suspended matter (TSM). The urban pollution was monitored through the analysis of tryptophan (tracer of the urban wastewater). The trace metals were also analyzed: Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, As and Cd. The urban rejection was characterized by higher concentrations in winter with: COD: 744 mg O₂/l, BOD₅: 340 mg O₂/l, Cl^-: 575, 1 mg/l, TSM: 390 mg/l, Cr: 120 µg/l, tryptophan: 5 µmol/l. At the same season, we have observed the impact of the wastewater discharge on the watercourse through the increase of 6.5% of parameter concentrations (COD, BOD₅, Cl^-, Cr) between upstream and downstream of the domestic wastewater discharge. On the other hand, the station located close to the river mouth presented higher values in autumn with: COD: 576 mg O₂ /l, BOD₅: 140 mg O₂/l, Zn: 117 µg/l, Ni: 28 µg/l. The present work allowed to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic pollution on the water quality of Chelif River. 

Biography:

Hezhong Tian has completed his PhD from Tsinghua University and Postdoctoral Studies from Tsinghua University School of Environment. He is now the Director of Center for Atmospheric Environment Studies, Professor of School of Environment at Beijing Normal University of China. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals like ES&T, and ACP, and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Environmental Science Studies.

Abstract:

Based on economic development and technology diffusion theory, anthropogenic atmospheric emission of typical heavy metals (HM, Hg, As, Se, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, Mn, Co, Cu and Zn) characterized by global multi-scale regions, long-term spans and high spatiotemporal resolutions were established by synthetically using the best available representation of time-varying emission factor methods and ArcGIS tools. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: Emissions of 12 toxic heavy metals in China during the period of 1949-2012, increased by about 20-128 times, totally reaching about 79807.7 tons in 2012, and contributing 36.8% of global emissions (about 216893.1 tons). Coal combustion, liquid fuel combustion, nonferrous metal smelting and brake wear were identified as the primary sources for the corresponding heavy metals. Generally, Shandong (for As, Se, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb and Cu), Hebei (for Pb and Zn), Guizhou (for Hg), Inner Mongolia (for Mn) and Shanxi (for Co) ranked as the largest provinces, respectively. Emission intensities of HMs were much higher in central and eastern China than those in western China, and the coastal regions were classed as the most polluted areas of varied HMs. Worldwidely speaking, China, Chile, India, Russia, the United States and South Africa are the countries with high HMs burden. Therein, China ranked as the top one largest country with HMs (except for Sb) emissions. Asia represented the highest heavy metals emitting continent, which accounts for approximately 58.6% of the global emission in 2012. The top emission intensities of HMs were found in Eastern and Southern Asia and Eastern Europe.

Biography:

S M Contreras-Ramos has completed her PhD from Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) and Postdoctoral studies from Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM). She is now the Director of Environmental Technology Unit in CIATEJ, and received Prize of Innovation 2016 grant by Jalisco Government State. She has published more than 25 papers in recognized and international journals reaching 400 cites (no self-citations), h-index=12 and has been serving as an Editorial Review Member of reputed international journals.

Abstract:

The phytoremediation is a bioremediation technology used for the contaminants removal in soil and plants of tropical areas which has showed their potential with oil hydrocarbons. Species of grass belonging to Panicum genus has been found in oil contaminated soil. In this study, the aim was evaluating the removal of oil hydrocarbons from soil using the grass Panicum máximum alone or combined with a bacterial remover consortium. Grass and oil contaminated soil were collected from a closed oil extraction field and greenhouse experiment was established with consortium bacterial (B), grass (G) and their combination (G+B) on soil-cow manure-agrolite (1.8:0.1:0.1 w/w) in sterilized and not sterilized treatments during 112 days. A control (natural attenuation) without treatment was established in same conditions. Bacterial consortium was selected and mixed to growth as consortium after encapsulated with liposome in a permeable matrix of sustained release. The height, number of leaves, total hydrocarbon concentration (TPH) was recorded at 0, 28, 56 and 112 days, and grass biomass (root and steam) was determined at the end. TPH was determined by GC-MS. The treatment with only grass has a significant growth after 28 days up to end of the experiment, presented significantly higher root biomass than other treatments. The higher oil hydrocarbons removal was observed in the treatment of bacterial consortium (85%) followed by combined G+B (80%) and grass (77%) than natural attenuation (15%). The bioaugmentation with bacterial potentialized the oil hydrocarbons removal and helped the phytoremediation using the grass Panicum máximum.